CARDIO-VASCULAR DESEASES
Heart attack is the usual word to call that condition when the heart suffers from infarction -it is infarction of the muscle: myocardial infarction. The more severe the attack is, the worse the condition is. Usually heart attacks happen because of a blocked artery inside the heart: what causes the blockade ?
A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to the heart is blocked, which can cause damage to the heart muscle. The most common cause of a heart attack is coronary artery disease
. This is when the coronary arteries, (which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle), become narrow due to the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances called plaque.
Over time, this buildup hardens into cholesterol plaques, which can cause blood clots to form on the plaque’s surface. If the clot becomes large enough, it can block the blood flow to the heart, leading to a heart attack .
Other causes of heart attack include:
- Often :A sudden and serious spasm (tightening) of your coronary artery.
- USUALLY: A coronary artery embolism, which occurs when a blood clot travels through your bloodstream and gets stuck in your coronary artery .
- Sometimes :Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), which occurs when a tear forms inside your coronary artery .
The following factors are associated with an increased risk of a heart attack:
- Age
- High cholesterol levels
- Diabetes
- Diet with too much sugar, too much fat, too many calories
- Genetics
- Hypertension (high blood pressure: HBP)
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Stress at work.
To prevent heart attack, it is recommended to:
- Quit smoking
- Have a balanced and healthy diet
- Stay active: do plenty of exercise
- Get sufficient and quality sleep
- Keep diabetes under control
- Reduce alcohol consumption
- Maintain optimal blood cholesterol levels
- Keep blood pressure under control
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Avoid stress and learn to manage stress.
The patient comes to the surgery. He complains about his pain in his chest. He has got a chest pain. What kind of chest pain is it? Is it a constrictive pain? a tightness? or is it just achy, just a dull pain?
Sometimes the patient has to call 15, straight away, to call for an ambulance and be brought to the emergency department of the hospital.
QUIZZ
1 The heart is a muscle
2 Alcool is good for your health; it is "the french paradox".
3 Smoking is good to reduce stress and avoid heart attack.
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