ROB back to Bg

 We left Bg not so long ago and are going to visit again Bg 's Varna, the beach and a few towns: I know of a medical museum the guide book says is unescapable, better a must-see.

Needless to say, we are looking forward to meeting Giaco and will be stunned by his beautiful French.

I think that this winter I will use my blog to publish articles about medical topics from sources such as the BBC.

For example, yesterday the president of a major state and his health minister were discussing Tylenol (or acetaminophen, the molecule inside Tylenol), and there is a debate about it. It was considered safe by the medical establishment before, but not so much now because it is allegedly a cause of autism, according to people who use this topic to weaponise politics, so to speak.

Is it just a firewall, a way of talking about one thing while keeping other matters hidden?

Or is there a good reason to be careful?

It is important to be aware of any side effects, even with well-known medication, in order to prevent serious consequences.

With that in mind, and with the widespread defiance of the establishment — or the 'deep state', which is blamed for everything — everyone must think for themselves. In any case, you also have to be trusting.

Plural needed

 "We want to get that money back," he said. "We're helping the country through a very very big problem... but the American taxpayer now is going to get their money back plus."

..... Very interesting, is not it?

24 Anniversaries

 The French President Emmanuel Macron is more unpredictable than Trump — not only did he say ‘no, this is not true’ directly refuting Trump’s words and interrupting him halfway through his sentence, but he also reinforced this stop with a friendly but patronizing gesture of putting his hand on Trump’s arm as if physically stopping him. I  saw that live....Excellent réaction ovewhelming the gourou, knocking down his lies...

It was a moment when Trump started repeating the lie that Europe was merely loaning Ukraine money and would get it back.

"No, in fact, to be frank," said Mr. Macron, touching Trump’s arm to stop him mid-sentence, "We paid 60 percent of the total effort and it was unlike the US loans, guarantees, grants, we provided the real money." He was stunned.

No news if JD Vance, a staunch ‘free-speech defender’ has survived that — he already was gasping for air when Zelensky said that Trump was living in a Russian-made “disinformation space.” 😂

ROB everyone someone plural!

  1  Americans can vote for a presidential candidate even if they are in jail. 

C'est une généralité; en français on utilise deux singuliers, l'anglais pose la donnée au singulier et le complément au pluriel.

  

   2  When someone feels cornered and alone, you do not know what they will do.

même mécanisme

  

    3 Each candidate is looking to cultivate their own diplomatic relationships in the final stretch of the campaign.    

 idem

    4 With Smartwatches, whenever the patient experiences symptoms, they can press a button on their watch, acquire an ECG and show that to us."

idem

5 EVERYBODY KEEPS IT FOR THEMSELVES. Des gens interrogés sur leur choix politique ou leur religion disent que pas de problème puisque chacun le garde pour "eux" (chacun le garde pour soi en français bien sûr.)

 But the world watches as the risk of explosive conflict looms - because when someone feels cornered and alone, you do not know what they will do.

 

For example, research revealed that for about 50-70% of the time, parents and children are "in sync". During these times, they may be doing separate activities, such as child exploring something, on their own, or a parent working.

 

But after a point, the height from which a person falls won't make a difference to how fast they are going. It's estimated that the human body in freefall reaches 99% of its terminal velocity (full and final speed) after dropping 573m (1,880ft), which usually takes 13 to 14 seconds.

We have determined a clear principle: Whoever harms us, we will harm them,

ANYONE can develop a cyst in THEIR thyroid gland.

The individual is seen carrying something in their hand.

Everyone has their say.

Everybody is holding their breath.

Similarly, someone who has a first-degree relative with a history of colon cancer should also speak with their physician about starting colon cancer screenings sooner than the general recommended age.

CNN: Should everyone talk to their physician every year about cancer screenings ?

One witness says he was checking out the scene around the courthouse when he saw the person set themselves on fire.

Je commente la phrase du dessus: Deux personnes en une seule: Elle se met le feu à. elle-même. 2 personnes donc. Pluriel. Ou lapsus... Enfin, ça me confirme que en anglais on met un pluriel facilement là ou le français ne le fait pas. BREAKING

Person reportedly sets themselves on fire outside court.

Someone outside the court has appeared to set themselves on fire.

 

It's a rapidly unfolding situation, we will bring you more updates shortly.
“It’s such a quiet, tiny place where everyone simply lives their life.
(Their, mais life au singulier)

Despite all those attacks, air raid alarms, we live normal lives, everyone keeps going out, playing, going to school, enjoying themselves, working. Life goes on, as normal.
...

I commit to not firing anyone who is doing their job....

BOB's TENERIFE 2025

 Gara Suites g n spa    Arona
calle landa golf 6    playa de las américas

 
IMPORTER LA CARTE

 

 
ATTRACTIONS

Arona Beach Park
1,6 km
Teide National Park
1,7 km
Kids Land
1,9 km
Parque Ecológico Las Águilas del Teide
3,2 km
El Duque Castle
3,6 km

Restaurants et cafés
Restaurant100 Montaditos
700 m
Restaurante Buenos Aires City
900 m
Restaurant Martini
900 m

Plages à proximité

 
Playa de las Américas
1,5 km
Plage de Troya
1,6 km
Plage El Bobo
1,8 km
Plage de Las Vistas
2,5 km
Plage de Los Cristianos
2,8 km
Aéroports les plus proches
Aéroport de Tenerife sud
15 km
Aéroport de La Gomera
77 km
Aéroport de Tenerife nord - Ciudad de La Laguna
80 km

BOB'S CHALLENGE

once again!

1 ) Les Américains peuvent voter pour un candidat présidentiel même s'il est en prison.

not!: americans can vote for a presidential candidate even if he is in jail: no no no : instead IF THEY ARE IN JAIL

2)  Quand quelqu'un est acculé, tu ne sais jamais ce qu'il va faire.

when somebody is cornered you never know what he is going to do : faulty! INSTEAD WHAT THEY ARE GOING TO DO

3 ) Chaque candidat fait attention à cultiver ses relations diplomatiques sur la fin de la campagne.

EVERY CANDIDATE PAYS ATTENTION TO THEIR DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

4 ) Avec les Smartwatches, chaque fois qu'un patient éprouve des symptômes il peut presser sur un bouton de sa montre qui enregistre un électrocardiogramme pour  nous le montrer.

EVERYTIME A PATIENT FEELS SYMPTOMS THEY CAN PRESS A BUTTON SO AS TO ETC ETC

5) Chacun garde son avis pour soi.

EVERYBODY KEEPS THEIR MIND FOR THEMSELVES

Bob's CHALLENGE 2025

 Voici 5 phrases usuelles qu'un Français ne va pas traduire facilement, même après des années de pratique, pour une raison simple! .

Il faut prendre conscience du mécanisme, et ensuite c'est un jeu d'enfant.

Chaque ligne comporte deux éléments. C'est le deuxième qui est le plus dur à produire au début, jusqu'à ce qu'on ait intégré le mécanisme. Je serais curieux de voir comment un anglais fait le chemin inverse: sans prise de conscience et un peu d'attention...

1 ) Les Américains peuvent voter pour un candidat présidentiel même s'il est en prison.

2)  Quand quelqu'un est acculé, on ne sait jamais ce qu'il va faire.

3 ) Chaque candidat fait attention à cultiver ses relations diplomatiques sur la fin de la campagne.

4 ) Avec les Smartwatches, chaque fois qu'un patient éprouve des symptômes il peut presser sur un bouton de sa montre qui enregistre un électrocardiogramme pour  nous le montrer.

5) Chacun garde son avis pour soi.

Pour ces 5 exemples, la réponse est dans le post précédent de fin décembre.

Lo' s English anatomy Scapula

En français on dit l'omoplate, mais on fait des mots composés et des adjectifs sur scapula: une douleur d'épaule diffuse, en dehors de l'articulation humérus-omoplate est une périarthrite scapulo-humérale (PASH).

SCAPULA: infection inside the joint is called arthritis, even inflammation is called arthritis.

Petite note sur ce mo:  arthrose en français désigne un état dégénératif des os, des cartilages...à l'origine de douleurs ou d'inconfort mais physiologique, pas franchement pathologique: arthrite est le mot à utiliser en cas d'atteinte d'origine inflammatoire ou infectieuse.

Arthrite dentaire? Patients at times complain and no cause can be found: kind of arthritis??? 

Periarthritis is inflammation around the joint; it is quite different in that the joint is not affected by the infection which is related to a germ. 

Periarthritis is very common, a pain in the shoulder while infection is very rare. Extremely rare.

Adoptons la couleur bleue pour ce qui est écrit en français: le mouvement, les mouvements de l'épaule.

Il est indispensable de demander à une personne qui a un problème d'épaule de montrer ce qu'elle peut faire avec son épaule, son bras, son thorax.

Au repos le bras est pendant, la face palmaire de la main tournée vers l'arrière.

Si l'on tourne la main vers l'avant on se trouve dans la position anatomique: le petit doigt sur la couture du pantalon, comme on disait.

"Show me what your shoulder can do:

0  leave it down at rest, relaxed

1  lift your arm forward

2  and raise your arm as high as you can

3  now relax, let go, and raise your arm again to you side

4  and try to put your hand on your neck

5  now you let go again and try to put your hand behind your back."

This shows us what somebody can dou without the kine or dr helping, right!

Now you have to examine the shoulder yourself.

Ask the same questions: 1  "Can you lift your arm forward,

and you help the guy (man, woman, patient) do so you think it must raise his arm higher, just to know when something is wrong: they are blocked or the patient says they are in pain. -En français, on continuerait au singulier; en anglais 'le patient dit qu'ils sont douloureux' est une formulation normale-voir mon article sur singulier-pluriel; c'est tous les jours maintenant que je relève cet façon de traiter le singulier quand il a une allure de pluriel ou de généralité.

2  Can you raise it higher

3  Now let go, and let it go to you side 

4 Try to put you hand on your neck again, I will help you

5  and try to put your hand behind your back

Sometimes it is possible to help the patient complete the movement without pain. This means that there is a physical reason why the movement is impossible.

 

Loéva English anatomy: Pelvic bones

 We know it's made of 4 bones: sacrum, coccyx and os iliaques ?

It is wider in women than in men; guess why?

Hips= hanches

Grand bassin

Petit bassin

Ischion

Ilion

coccyx

When asked, Copilot says this:

Vous

Copilot

The pelvis is like the grand central station of bones. It supports your spine, holds up your organs, and connects your legs to your torso. The pelvis is made up of three primary bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. Here’s the breakdown:

• Ilium: This is the largest part of the pelvis and forms the upper section. It's the part  you can feel when you put your hands on your hips.

• Ischium: This is the lower, back part of the pelvis. It's what you're sitting on right now!

• Pubis: This forms the front part of the pelvis. The two sides meet at the pubic symphysis.

Now, the pelvis also includes the sacrum and coccyx at the back. The sacrum is a triangular bone that connects the spine to the pelvis, and the coccyx, or tailbone, is at the very bottom.

All these bones are part of the pelvic girdle, which is responsible for supporting the weight of the upper body when sitting and standing, and transferring weight from the axial skeleton to the lower limbs when walking or running. The pelvic girdle also provides attachments for and withstands the forces of the powerful muscles of locomotion and posture.

Hope this helps for your exam! Let me know if you need more details on any specific part.

Certainly! The pelvic bones, also known as the hip bones or os coxae, consist of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. Each of these bones has distinct surfaces and landmarks:

1. Ilium:

   • Lateral Surface: This surface is broad and concave, featuring the gluteal lines which serve as attachment points for the gluteal muscles.
   • Medial Surface: This surface includes the iliac fossa, a large, smooth, concave area that provides attachment for the iliacus muscle.

2. Ischium:

   • External Surface: This surface is rough and provides attachment for the hamstring muscles.
   • Internal Surface: This surface is smoother and forms part of the wall of the lesser pelvis.

3. Pubis:

   • Anterior (External) Surface: This surface faces forward and provides attachment for the adductor muscles of the thigh. (foot-ball players often suffer from tendinitis!)
     
   • Posterior (Internal) Surface: This surface faces backward and forms part of the pelvic cavity.
   • Medial (Symphyseal) Surface: This surface articulates with the opposite pubic bone at the pubic symphysis.

These surfaces and landmarks are crucial for muscle attachment, joint formation, and providing structural support to the body.

Bony pelvis: Ilium, ischium, pubis | Kenhub: this is the link to where Copilot got informations, which is good for a start- but if you are a medical student you need more of course; and the link takes you to a very specific place for anatomy called Kenhub.

 

Lo 1 2024. " BY THE SKIN OF MY TEETH"

 “My high school required two years of a foreign language in order to graduate. I failed second-year Spanish twice and the third time (my senior year) I was able to pass by the skin of my teeth.”

a man says he was not good at learning languages 

after three years he was able ...by the skin of his teeth

I like this expression every dentist should know .

 

Lo 24-25 Summary of the previous articles: "medical english"

 SUMMARY

1 In the surgery

2 

3 Respiratory system

4 Musculoskelettal system

5 

6 Introduction ID & General Health Questions +++

7  Heart Attack

8 Urinary system -and the way to talk about pain from excruciating to mild +++

9 Genital Tract female

10 Genital tract male

11 Pediatrics

12 Prostate ( Article for medical student, apart from the introduction from BBC, as an example in the mainstream news)

13 Infectious deseases ( Respiratory system)

14 Asthma

15 Different kinds of pains

16 Abdomen and pain in the abdomen

17 General Health Questions to a new patient +++

TO BE CONTINUED

LOEVA 44 Healthcare professionnals part 2

NURSES

  a registered nurse RN= une infirmière diplômée d'état=IDE
visiting nurse =  IDE à domicile
Head nurse= infirmière chef
Nurse supervisor, Nurse manager
Critical care nurse=  infirmière aux urgences
Scrub nurse= infirmière instrumentiste au bloc opératoire

ON DUTY= DE GARDE

doctors

Intern,  Resident physician,  Junior doctor
Internist is a specialist, internal medicine
GP -general practitioner-   self-employed, independent
OBGYN obstetrician gynecologist
ENT ear nose throat  specialist

Assistant nurse, nurse's aide, auxiliary nurse
The man or men  who bear(s) the stretcher: stretcher-bearer
Physiotherapist==kiné
Pharmacist US or Chemist GB
Podiatrist or chiropodist= podologue

Midwife
Neonatal nurse, pediatric, Nursery nurse !
Hospital doctor
Healthcare practitioner
Paramedics --secours, urgence
Care providers; caregivers
Receptionist; admission clerk
Administrative staff
Paramedic (ambulancier)
emergency medical technician  EMT

Clinical training or internship....TO BE IN MEDICAL TRAINING
TO TAKE A TRAINING COURSE IN....
training; course; lesson
Intern=Trainee

Day shift/ Night shift

Healthcare facilities; Facility
Institution
Day hospital care
Hospice, Old people home, Home

to hire, to recruit

LOEVA 43 healthcare professionnals

 HealHealthcare professionals

A car accident, a car crash!

            The injured are taken to hospital by ambulance. They have been picked up on the road where the car accident took place by ambulance drivers and emergency specialists: emergency doctors and nurses.
First of all, the emergency doctor assesses the degree of urgency and pain felt by the patient, and places him or her in a position of maximum safety.
A stretcher-bearer puts the patient on the stretcher and prepares him for transport to hospital.
    On arrival in the emergency department, the patient is cared for by a new team of nurses and orderlies, surgeons if necessary and other doctors, and further tests are carried out.

When the injured man arrived at the hospital, he was seen by a nurse's aide, a stretcher-bearer, a health officer and a senior health officer as well ....

    .As he was found to have liver cancer during his examinations, it was shown to the oncologist and to the various specialists before operating on him: the cardiologist and the anaesthetist in particular.

He had blood tests and, a registered nurse took care of him to go home to the home nurse's care .

He thanked the operating room nurse and intern (or resident) who took care of him; And then, after he was discharged from the hospital, he was handed over to his GP.

As his wife was pregnant at the time of the accident in the car, she had to consult the obstetrician as well and for her face with a broken nose, she had to see the ENT.

LOEVA 42

 last night as I was reading some stories by Bolgakov (Ukrainian russian writer, a famous one...) he was a doctor and wrote about his stay in the wild an remote village, together with 2 midwives, and a "feldster", in a country hospital, wintertime etc..;

I met with the words shoulder blades and chest not in use in my articleS until now

I also thought of a tricK: to illustrate literaryly the articles;ome extracts from famous books could help and procure feelings and words...

the story: morphine is one of them; and so many others from his souvenirs notebook.

As I read the words (non exhaustive  liste...)I find rarely used words:

hairiness, as one can see in teenagers nowadays, again,

nape -the nape of neck, which is the back part of the neck I think

moustache aux usa ne prend pas de u et voilà qui nous fait une belle jambe

ulna and fibula 

bedsore...

decubitus ulcer

upset stomach

stiff neck, neck pain, sore neck

all those words related to some form of pain, ache etc uneasyness...

it hurts! it is painful it aches

tender

tingling

bloated

casualty

bruise

bump

choking

nosebleed

poor health   means    not healthy

seafood allergy   dust allergy     allergy to some medications

aneurism

scal and scab...never heard of!

HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONNALS

HealHealthcare professionals

The injured are taken to hospital by ambulance. They have been picked up on the road where the car accident took place by ambulance drivers and emergency specialists: emergency doctors and nurses.

First of all, the emergency doctor assesses the degree of urgency and pain felt by the patient, and places him or her in a position of maximum safety.

A stretcher-bearer puts the patient on the stretcher and prepares him for transport to hospital.

On arrival in the emergency department, the patient is cared for by a new team of nurses and orderlies, surgeons if necessary and other doctors, and further tests are carried out.

Loéva 41 contraceptive methods

 Here’s a brief article about   contraceptive methods:

Contraceptive Methods:   

A Comparative Overview
Introduction:
                         Fifty years ago, on December 19, 1967, France took a significant step by legalizing the sale and use of contraceptive methods. This milestone legislation marked the beginning of a transformative era in contraception. 

In this article, we explore the evolution of contraceptive practices in France over the past half-century and compare them to global trends.
 

The Pill: A French Favorite
                                                    The birth control pill, commonly known as “the pill,” has become the most widely used contraceptive method in France.
-France: Over 83% of reproductive-age women in France use some form of contraception, with the pill being the dominant choice. Despite recent controversies surrounding this contraceptive model, it remains popular.

-Global Variations: In other parts of the world, contraceptive practices differ significantly. For instance:
Burkina Faso, Iraq, and Mozambique: In these countries, less than 50% of women in union use any form of contraception.

Sterilization: Globally, sterilization (either female or male) is the most common method among contraceptive users. In Mexico (2015), 54% of reproductive-age women opt for sterilization, while the figures are 43% in the United States (2006) and 32% in Brazil (2013). China, Spain, and Turkey also have varying rates of sterilization use.

Beyond the Pill: Diverse Approaches
While the pill dominates in France, other contraceptive methods play crucial roles elsewhere. These include intrauterine devices (IUDs), injectables, condoms, and natural family planning methods. The choice of method often reflects cultural norms, access to healthcare, and individual preferences.

An intrauterine progestin ring is a contraceptive device that provides long-term birth control. Here are the key details:

1. Function: The progesterone vaginal ring functions by diffusing a continuous flow of progesterone through the vaginal walls—approximately 10 mg per day. This progesterone then enters the bloodstream and regulates a woman’s fertility by:

   • Suppressing Ovulation: It prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries.
   • Thickening Cervical Mucus: This inhibits sperm penetration into the uterus.

2. Usage:

   • The ring is inserted into the vagina, where it releases progesterone.
   • It remains in place for a specified duration (usually several weeks).
   • Unlike the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD), which is placed directly in the uterus, the progestin ring is positioned in the vaginal canal.

3. Effectiveness:

   • The progestin ring is highly effective when used correctly.
   • It provides continuous contraception without requiring daily attention (unlike oral pills).

4. Advantages:

   • Convenience: Users do not need to remember to take a daily pill.
   • Reversible: Fertility returns promptly after removal.
     
   • Lower Hormone Dose: Compared to some other hormonal methods.

5. Considerations:

   • Prescription Required: A healthcare provider must prescribe and insert the ring.
   • Side Effects: These may include irregular bleeding, breast tenderness, and mood changes.
   • Monitoring: Regular check-ups are essential to ensure proper placement and effectiveness.

Remember that individual experiences may vary, and it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable contraceptive method for your specific needs.

Conclusion:
As we celebrate fifty years of legal contraception in France, it’s essential to recognize that contraceptive preferences vary globally. While the pill remains a French favorite, understanding diverse methods and promoting informed choices is vital for reproductive health worldwide.

 QUIZ (only one sentence is true)

1 After giving birth, a young mother experiences a period known as the postpartum phase during which her fertility is eliminated for six months.

2  Girls who take the pill can't catch infectious sexually transmitted deseases.

3 The good contraception is the one you can adapt to, without side effects and being effective to help with birth control and prevention of sexual infections.

Loéva 40 Brain Cerebrum

 The fascinating world of the cerebrum, --the largest part of our brain.

Sensory Processing:
Your cerebrum manages and processes everything your senses take in. 

These senses include:
Sight: Visual information is processed in specific areas of the cerebrum, allowing you to perceive the world around you through your eyes.
Sound: Auditory processing occurs here, enabling you to hear and interpret sounds.
Smell: The olfactory cortex, located in the cerebrum, plays a crucial role in processing smells.
Taste: The gustatory cortex processes taste sensations, allowing you to savor different flavors.
Touch: Sensations related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain are also processed within the cerebrum.
Language:
Various parts of your cerebrum control your ability to read, write, and speak. Language centers are distributed across different regions, including Broca’s area (associated with speech production) and Wernicke’s area (involved in language comprehension).
Working Memory:
    Think of working memory as your mental sticky note. It helps you hold and manipulate information temporarily. For example, when you remind yourself to pick up something from the grocery store, you’re using your working memory.
Behavior and Personality:
The frontal lobe, a part of your cerebrum, manages your personality and behavior. It acts as a filter, preventing impulsive actions and guiding your social interactions.
In essence, the cerebrum orchestrates conscious thoughts, sensory experiences, language, and complex behaviors. It’s the epicenter of our cognitive abilities and it shapes who we are as individuals.

 

Loéva : miscarriage

 A word not seen yet in the articles about women and babies: sometimes a pregnant woman happens to lose her baby; that is what miscarriage is

wether the baby is a stillbirth or whatever; when something goes wrong...or was wrong with the fetus, or embryo:

A miscarriage, also known as a spontaneous abortion, 

occurs when an embryo or fetus is lost before it can survive independently. 

 

It typically happens during the first 20 weeks of gestation. The term “miscarriage” encompasses all forms of pregnancy loss and outcomes that occur before 20 weeks of gestation. About 80% of miscarriages occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Here are some key points about miscarriage:

1. • Chromosomal abnormalities account for about 50% of first-trimester miscarriages.
   • Risk factors include being an older parent, previous miscarriages, exposure to tobacco smoke, obesity, diabetes, and certain medical conditions.
   • 
     

2. Types of Miscarriage:

   • Missed miscarriage: Pregnancy loss without noticeable symptoms, confirmed by ultrasound.
   • Complete miscarriage: Uterus is empty after bleeding and passing fetal tissue.

3. Diagnosis and Tests:

   • Diagnosis involves checking the cervix, testing blood levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and using ultrasound.
   • 
     

4. Prevention and Treatment:

   • Good prenatal care can help prevent miscarriages.
   • Avoiding drugs, alcohol, infections, and radiation reduces the risk.
   • Most miscarriages resolve without specific treatment within the first 7 to 14 days.

Remember that experiencing a miscarriage does not mean you did something wrong—it is often beyond your control. Seek medical attention promptly if you suspect a miscarriage.

LOEVA 39 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM part two: Diabetes mellitus

INSULINE is required for the glucose to be used by the muscle; a lack of insuline translates into a condition, a desease called diabetes mellitus;

Insulin plays a crucial role in facilitating the utilization of sugar (glucose) by muscle cells.

When you consume food, especially carbohydrates, your blood glucose levels rise.Insulin acts as a key regulator in this process. It binds to specific receptors on the surface of muscle cells, initiating a cascade of events. 

• Once the insulin molecule docks onto the receptor, it signals the muscle cell to open up glucose transporters (such as GLUT4).
• These transporters allow glucose to enter the muscle fibers from the bloodstream. Essentially, insulin acts as a “key” that unlocks the door for glucose to move into the muscle cells.

and questions from the physician about this problem.

-Do you follow a diabetic diet with low refined sugars ? 

-How about your appetite ? Has your appetite increased ? decreased ?

-Has your weight remained constant ?

-Have you lost weight ?

-Are you often thirsty ?

-Do you drink excessive volumes of water ?

-How much urine do you pass each time you go to the toilet ? a big amount, or reduced quantity, a few drops ?

-Do you happen to faint ? Do you often faint ?

-You have had a blood test recently: how high is your sugar level?

-Have you had your "A one c" tested? (A1c is A1c hemoglobine: ""l'hémoglobine glyquée"" in french.)

quiz:

1 After physical activity, muscle cells become less receptive to insulin, preventing efficient glucose uptake.

2  The more you eat sugars, the better you feel and the more energetic, and full of stamina, without risk of any side effects. Sugar is essential for the brain, the brain only needs sugar.

3  In conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes, there can be defects in insulin signaling or reduced insulin sensitivity. As a result, muscle cells may struggle to take up glucose efficiently, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

 

LOEVA 38 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM part one

 Thyroid gland:

sometimes the patient suggests he has lost weight, his weight does not remain constant despite not being on a slimming diet or feeling ill or depressed or whatever...

Questions arise from that loss of weight and the doctor asks..

-Do your clothes feel looser? Have you lost weight ?

-Have you a good appetite ?

-Has your appetite increased ?

-Has your appetite remained unchanged ?

Do you have nausea ? (= do you feel like vomiting ?)

Have you diarrhea ?

Are you loosing the same amount of blood during your periods ? or more, or less ?

Do you sleep well ?

Do you have muscle weakness, cramps ?

Do you feel irritable?

Do you get a tremor of the hands ?

Do you complain of intolerance to cold weather ? or to hot weather ?

Do you sweat a lot? or very little ?

Have you ever noticed a lump in your neck ?

Do you ever fell palpitations=Do you feel your heart beat fast and strong ?

How long does the attacks of palpitations last ?

How long have you been complaining of palpitations ?

How often do you get them ?

All these symptoms can be related to dysfunction of the thyroid gland: when the thyroid is hyperactive the patient does not sleep well, he feels warm, complains of intolerance to hot weather, has a tremor of the hands, sweat a lot, feels palpitations, suffer from diarrhea, looses weight;

on the contrary, when the thyroid is hypoactive (hypothyroidism) , the patient suffers from constipation, feels cold, weak, and limp, feels like he has no stamina; he puts weight on.

QUIZ

a People with underactive thyroid puts weight on, feels cold;  people who have a thyroid that is not functioning well, =hypothyroidism, =underactive thyroid; gain weight, feel cold, and sometimes depressed and sluggish (mou; lent)

b Patients who lose weight without any explanation, who feel nervous all the time, eat a lot and feel hungry, are likely suffering from heart problems such as tachycardia or arrhythmia.

c  A patient whose thyroid gland can be checked by the physician because the patient says he feels like there is something wrong with his neck, maybe there is a lump, a tumor....that patient must have echoscan and have his hormons checked as well. 

Because anyone can develop a cyst in their thyroid gland and this cyst can interfere with the functioning of the gland; it can produce thyroid hormones even.

(la grammaire anglaise est ainsi faite que un pluriel suit un singulier: anyone can develop a cyst in their thyroid gland ; est correct et les exemples sont nombreux et quotidiens...