John suffers from chronic bronchitis , he coughs all day all night; he is used to his condition. He had been a heavy smoker for many years. Of course he quit when the doctor told him to stop.
John brings up sputum when he coughs, a moderate quantity, sometimes it is white, sometimes it is yellow or green.
He spits mostly when lying flat, he has to stand up and get rid of his sputum. In hospital he had a cup by his bedside for the doctors to know exactly what his sputum was like. And the quantity ?. It was a large quantity of sputum he would bring up before he was started on his new medications.
John decided to do something when he coughed blood -haemoptysis is the name for this symptom-for the first time; he used to be breathless when exercising, when walking, when climbing up stairs. John was short of breath even at rest, doing nothing.
He could not sleep flat. He needed pillows to prevent getting short of breath.
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Marie suffers from asthma. She is allergic to dust and some pollens. You can hear her wheeze, mostly when she is exercising. And it is eased with Ventolin spray. Ventoline spray stop the wheezing not the desease.
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One can have chest pain from abcess, pneumonia, embolism, pneumothorax, heart attack, and a few other deseases.
Complementary examinations are required:
x ray examination
MRI scan
etc..
other examinations beyond MRI,
1 Gas Exchange Studies
These studies evaluate how oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are exchanged between the lungs and the blood. They help assess respiratory efficiency and identify any abnormalities in gas exchange.
2 Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): PFTs measure lung capacity, airflow, and gas exchange. They include spirometry, lung volume tests, and diffusion capacity assessments. These tests provide valuable information about lung function and any impairment
3 Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis:
- ABG tests directly measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. They also assess
- blood pH and bicarbonate levels. ABGs help diagnose respiratory and metabolic disorders...
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